#MT. QUAQUA FREE#

The Cherokee bitterly resisted the Indian Removal Act. ' John Marshall has made his decision,' Jackson exclaimed, 'now let him enforce it!' When the Indian Removal Act that Jackson signed into law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, President Jackson successfully defied the decision by refusing to order federal military forces to obey the law. Native Americans fought Jackson's initiative before the United States Supreme Court, in Cherokee Nation v.

It is this last feature that is of particular relevance to the history of alternative education. The Treaty helped ensure that after the relocation, the federal government would have control over Cherokee land, Cherokee socio-economic systems, and Cherokee education. President Jackson utilized the federal Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the 1835 Treaty of New Echota to remove the Cherokee from Georgia and re-settle them in Oklahoma. Jackson’s paradigm consisted of 1) federal legislation purporting to justify “beneficent” federal intervention 2) federal political and operational coordination with a state government actively harassing the demographic minority 3) deployment of the federal armed forces 4) personal property seizures and other civil rights violations 5) forcible expulsion and migration of the demographic minority group 6) evasive responses to constitutional challenges brought by minority litigants before the United States Supreme Court and 7) a culminating “agreement” imposed upon the subjugated minority population, purporting to allow federal control over local land and a mandated system of tax-supported common schools designed to compulsorily “civilize” minority children. Loose or partial variations of the paradigm were also employed against Mennonites, Catholics, African-Americans, German speakers, Italian-Americans, and other distinctive demographic minorities, depending upon the strength and sophistication of the relevant minority group’s opposition. President Andrew Jackson developed the social-engineering paradigm used against Native Americans, Mormons, and Japanese-Americans. It became a part of South Africa in 1994, along with the other nine Homelands.Jacksonian Paradigm: Treaty of New Echota The South African government granted this Homeland self-government on 1 November 1974.

The area had originally been the home of the Bakwena and Batlokoa groups and when they united in 1969 the region was called KwaKwa, which changed to Quaqua in the same year. Quaqua, or Qwaqwa, means 'whiter than white' in the San language and referred to the Sandstone Hills of the Drakensberg Mountains, where the Homeland was situated. The country's main income came from these migrant workers. The land in the region was Mountainous and unsuitable for cultivation so most of the men had to leave their homes to become part of the migrant labour force.

#MT. QUAQUA FREE#

The population of the homeland increased as more people were evicted from the Orange Free State, as a result of the Natives Land Act. By 1960 there were 20 000 residents, which increased to 300 000 in 1980 and more than a million in 1990. The capital was Phuthaditjhaba and initially about 180 000 Seosotho speaking Basotho people lived within its borders. It was only 655 square kilometres big and bordered on Lesotho.

Quaqua, or Qwaqwa, was a homeland created for the Southern Sotho people from a reserve in the Orange Free State (OFS) that had been granted to the followers of a relative of Moshoeshoe.

Mt. quaqua